| 1. |
Any reservoir or stream system is coupled with its watershed or drainage basin. Therefore, basin geometry, geology, climate, location, and land use are integral factors that directly or indirectly influence stream or reservoir water quality. Conversely, water quality changes in reservoirs are the result of physical, chemical, and biological loading, generally through runoff and/or stream transport and processing. |
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True |
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False |
| 2. |
Use of a reservoir for flood control consists of storing water in excess of the downstream channel capacity (damaging flows) during flood periods for later release during periods of flow at or below channel capacity (non damaging flows) at a downstream control point. Since a major factor in flood control reservoirs is maintaining available volume (i.e., empty storage space) for flood storage, the flood control purpose generally is the least compatible with other project purposes. |
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True |
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False |
| 3. |
__________________ generation consists of passing water through turbines to produce electricity. It normally operates to produce two types of power – base load power and peak power. |
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Thermal power |
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Hydroelectric power |
| 4. |
Morphometric variables that can influence hydrologic and limnologic characteristics of the reservoir include surface area, volume, mean depth, maximum depth, shoreline development ratio, and fetch. |
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True |
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False |
| 5. |
Physical, Chemical, Morphometric, and Hydrologic Relationships are represented in ______________. |
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Table 2-1 |
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Table 2-2 |
| 6. |
______________________ represents an example of surface withdrawal structure. |
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Figure 2-3 |
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Figure 2-4 |
| 7. |
Multilevel withdrawal structures have one or more outlet towers, each containing a number of inlet ports at different elevations (Figure 2-5). This configuration provides the flexibility to release water from several levels within the reservoir. |
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True |
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False |
| 8. |
_____________________ represents the dual wet well multilevel withdrawal structure. |
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Figure 2-5 |
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Figure 2-6 |
| 9. |
Water has its maximum density, 1 gram per milliliter, near 4°C (Figure 2-6) and is a linear function of temperature. |
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True |
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False |
| 10. |
Inorganic carbon represents the basic building block for the production of organic matter by plants. Inorganic carbon can also regulate the pH and buffering capacity or alkalinity of aquatic systems. |
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True |
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False |
| 11. |
The most common forms of ____________ in aquatic systems are ammonia (NH3-N), nitrite (N02-N), and nitrate (N03-N). |
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Nitrogen |
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Phosphorus |
| 12. |
______________ represents the seasonal phosphorus flux under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. |
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Figure 2-13 |
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Figure 2-14 |
| 13. |
Macrophytes or large aquatic plants can be represented by four types of plants: emergent, floating leaved, submerged, or freefloating. |
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True |
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False |
| 14. |
Periphyton algae grow attached to a substrate such as rocks, sand, macrophytes, or standing timber. |
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True |
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False |
| 15. |
Tailwater is an engineering term that generally refers to the area immediately downstream from a dam that has been changed from its natural state to receive the water released through the dam |
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True |
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False |
| 16. |
Phytoplankton in tailwaters are controlled both by nutrient levels in the release water and hydraulic conditions of the tailwater, with density of organisms (both zooplankton and phytoplankton) decreasing with distance downstream. |
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True |
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False |
| 17. |
_________________________ represents the control pathways in a typical nutrient loading model. |
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Figure 4-1 |
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Figure 4-2 |
| 18. |
There are two major types of database management systems: general purpose or long-term databases, and specific water quality databases. General purpose databases such as STORET focus on information storage and retrieval strategies rather than on analysis of retrieved data sets. |
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True |
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False |
| 19. |
__________________ represents the model representation for conservation of mass. |
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Figure 4-4 |
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Figure 4-5 |
| 20. |
Simple random sampling is a method of selecting n sampling units out of the total N units so that every sampling unit has an equal chance of being selected. |
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True |
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False |
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