| 1. |
Risk-based decision-making is the process of making environmental management decisions based upon an assessment of the potential risks that chemicals at a site may pose to human health and the environment. |
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True |
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False |
| 2. |
The risk evaluation process, as originally set out by USEPA, involves some elements. They are: |
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Hazard identification |
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Exposure assessment |
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Toxicity (or dose-response) assessment |
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Risk characterization |
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All of the above |
| 3. |
The saturates, also referred to as alkanes or paraffin’s, are comprised of three main subclasses based on the structure of their molecules: either straight chains, branched chains, or cyclic. |
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True |
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False |
| 4. |
What does figure 1 illustrate about?
(Refer Pg 9) |
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CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS |
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MAIN GROUPS OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS IN CRUDE OIL |
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GAS CHROMATOGRAMS FOR TWO CRUDE OILS |
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None of the above |
| 5. |
What does API stand for? |
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American Petroleum Institute |
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American Protection Institute |
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American Protection International |
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None of the above |
| 6. |
Presence of hydrocarbons and trace metals in E&P wastes depend upon: |
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Nature of crude oil and unprocessed natural gas |
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Location of oil or gas |
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Type of natural gas processing |
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Extent of biodegradation |
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All of the above |
| 7. |
The movement of a hydrocarbon mixture in the environment represents an important aspect of a risk assessment. It is this movement that can result in the exposure of a human or ecological receptor to the chemical. |
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True |
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False |
| 8. |
The viscosity is defined as the temperature below which oil will not flow in a definite manner. |
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True |
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False
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| 9. |
Condensates and selected refined petroleum products such as gasoline typically have higher benzene concentrations than crude oils. |
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True |
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False |
| 10. |
Cryptographic equipment is used to ENCRYPT and DECRYPT tty messages that require security handling. (Encrypting is the method used to code a transmitted message; decrypting is used to decode a received message.) |
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I. The site setting, which depicts the relative locations of the hazards and potential receptors, is characterized, |
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II. Complete exposure pathways are identified, and |
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III. The magnitude of the potential exposure is estimated. |
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True |
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False |
| 11. |
Exposure assessment is an extremely important element of the risk evaluation because it introduces site-specific factors into the characterization of the site risk. |
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True |
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False |
| 12. |
Key challenges associated with using toxicity data are: |
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Extrapolating pure chemical test results to complex mixtures of chemicals |
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Extrapolating pure chemical test results to situations where the chemicals are present in soil |
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Extrapolating test results |
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All of the above |
| 13. |
The hazard evaluation that is conducted as part of the risk evaluation of a site requires some level of understanding of the chemical composition of the hydrocarbons that are present in the soil and groundwater. |
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True |
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False |
| 14. |
Weathering and natural attenuation processes can further reduce the risk associated with benzene at an E&P site, thereby resulting in an increase in TPH RBSLs in those instances where benzene is present in concentrations >300 mg/kg.
(Refer Pg 4-3) |
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True |
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False |
| 15. |
What does PERF stand for? |
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Petroleum Environmental Research Forum |
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Petroleum Engineering Research Forum |
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Petroleum Engineering Research Foundation |
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None of the above |
| 16. |
The mobility of hydrocarbon liquids in the environment does not depend upon their density (API gravity), viscosity (resistance to flow) and pour point as well as the properties and characteristics of the geologic strata (e.g., clays, silts, or sands). |
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True |
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False |
| 17. |
E&P wastes are generated by the primary field operations at an oil or gas exploration and production site. Primary field operations include exploration, development, and the primary, secondary, and tertiary production of oil or gas.
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True |
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False |
| 18. |
What does TPH stand for? |
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Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon |
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Total Petroleum Hydraulics |
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Total Petro-Chemical Hydrocarbons |
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None of the above |
| 19. |
There are a number of commercially available software tools for estimating risk-based screening levels for complex mixtures of hydrocarbons and single indicator chemicals, such as benzene, when they represent the primary risk issue at a site. |
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True |
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False |
| 20. |
The Environmental Protection Agency of the United States (U.S. EPA) has developed a general framework for health risk-based decision making and has established general guidelines for determining what constitutes acceptable risk. These guidelines can be used to determine when some type of action is required at a site. |
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True |
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False |
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