| 1. |
Electrification is the shift from non-electric to electric sources of energy ______________ consumption, is an emerging trend that could have major implications for global energy systems. |
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at the point of final |
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at the beginning of |
| 2. |
The Electrification Futures Study (EFS) is a multiyear collaborative study designed _______ the potential impacts that could arise if widespread electrification occurs in the United States. |
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To assess |
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To reduce |
| 3. |
Electrification drives the sustained deployment of renewable energy and natural gas generators in all regions and, in turn, increases generation from these sources; the corresponding expansion of long-distance transmission capacity is correlated with growth in renewable energy sources. |
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True |
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False |
| 4. |
Figure ES-1 is:
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Major highways and interstates across America. |
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Electrical load requirements in all regions by 2050 |
| 5. |
Electrification inherently increases the reliance of demand sectors on electricity, and it could offer enhanced opportunities for more-active participation from flexible loads in the planning and operations of the electricity system.
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True |
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False |
| 6. |
In this course which of the following questions have been addressed? |
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What are the impacts of electrification on the mix, magnitude, location, and timing of new bulk power system infrastructure development in the United States? |
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How could widespread end-use electrification impact the generation mix and utilization of different classes of generators and transmission assets? |
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What are the impacts of electrification on costs, energy consumption, and air emissions for the electric and broader energy systems? |
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All of the above |
| 7. |
In Figure 1. ReEDS spatial structure and network representation, the blue lines represent: |
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Different counties in each state under the grid coverage. |
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The existing transmission interface capacities between model balancing areas. |
| 8. |
The Rapid end-use technology advancement trajectory is consistent with futures in which |
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R&D investment spurs technology innovations, manufacturing scale-up increases production efficiencies, and consumer demand and public policy yields technology learning. |
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electric technology progress follows current trends without major advances. |
| 9. |
In figure 7, Solid lines between balancing areas depict inter-regional, long-distance transmission capacity, while shading within a given balancing area depicts intra-regional, spur-line transmission capacity that is added after 2018. |
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True |
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False |
| 10. |
In ReEDS, demand-side flexibility is modeled as “load shifting,” which can be thought of as the ability of a central planner to control or ___________ for a fraction of a subsector’s electrical load to move from one hour to another |
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Provide incentives |
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Charge penalties |
| 11. |
Figure 19 shows |
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Present value of total electric system cost for Reference and High electrification across three levels of demand-side flexibility |
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Flexibility of the system during power surge |
| 12. |
In contrast to the capacity, generation, and bulk electricity price results explored above, system costs for both the bulk electric and total energy systems are typically __________ to electrification than they are to fuel, technology, and system constraint assumptions. |
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More sensitive |
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Less sensitive |
| 13. |
The five key finding of this course are:
- Electrification drives the sustained deployment of renewable energy and natural gas generators in all regions and, in turn, increases generation from these sources; the corresponding expansion of long-distance transmission capacity is correlated with growth in renewable energy sources.
- Electrification inherently increases the reliance of demand sectors on electricity, and it could offer enhanced opportunities for more-active participation from flexible loads in the planning and operations of the electricity system.
- There are abundant resources in the United States with similar costs to meet potential electrification-driven growth in electricity demand.
- Considering the entire energy sector, the net system cost impact of electrification depends most significantly on future advancements in the cost and efficiency of electric end-use technologies.
- Electrification reduces direct energy consumption and emissions in the demand sectors and shifts them into the power sector, the net effect of which is energy system-wide reductions in both.
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True |
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False |
| 14. |
Which one of the following research topics is recommended for future? |
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Electrification’s impact on the financial attractiveness of distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy efficiency |
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Distribution system impacts |
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Utility business model impacts |
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Implications for the manufacturing and natural gas sectors |
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All of the above |
| 15. |
This report, the fifth in the series, presents an analysis of the potential impacts of widespread electrification on the evolution of the U.S. electricity system. |
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True |
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False |
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